17 HMR vs 17 WSM: A Comprehensive Ballistics and Performance Comparison
The world of rimfire cartridges offers a plethora of options for shooters, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Among the most popular choices are the .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (17 HMR) and the .17 Winchester Super Magnum (17 WSM). Both cartridges offer flat trajectories and impressive accuracy, making them suitable for varmint hunting, target shooting, and small game hunting. However, significant differences exist between the two, primarily in terms of velocity, energy, and effective range. This article will provide a detailed 17 HMR vs 17 WSM comparison, exploring their ballistics, performance, and practical applications to help you determine which cartridge best suits your needs.
Understanding the .17 HMR
Introduced in 2002 by Hornady, the 17 HMR quickly gained popularity for its flat trajectory and enhanced accuracy compared to the .22 LR. It uses a necked-down .22 WMR case to fire a .17 caliber bullet, typically weighing 17 or 20 grains. This design allows for higher velocities and a flatter trajectory, making it easier to hit targets at longer ranges.
Key Features of the .17 HMR
- Flat Trajectory: The 17 HMR offers a significantly flatter trajectory than the .22 LR, reducing the need for holdover at longer distances.
- Improved Accuracy: The smaller caliber and higher velocity contribute to improved accuracy, making it easier to hit small targets consistently.
- Lower Recoil: The low recoil of the 17 HMR makes it a comfortable cartridge to shoot, even for extended periods.
- Suitable for Varmint Hunting: Its accuracy and flat trajectory make it well-suited for varmint hunting, such as groundhogs and prairie dogs.
Understanding the .17 WSM
The 17 WSM, introduced by Winchester in 2012, is a more powerful rimfire cartridge designed to offer even higher velocities and longer ranges than the 17 HMR. It is based on a .27 caliber nail gun blank necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This larger case capacity allows for significantly higher velocities, resulting in a flatter trajectory and greater energy on target.
Key Features of the .17 WSM
- Higher Velocity: The 17 WSM boasts significantly higher velocities than the 17 HMR, translating to a flatter trajectory and greater energy.
- Extended Range: The higher velocity allows for longer effective ranges, making it suitable for varmint hunting at distances beyond 200 yards.
- Increased Energy: The greater energy of the 17 WSM provides more stopping power, making it effective on larger varmints.
- Suitable for Larger Varmints: While both are suitable for varmints, the 17 WSM has the edge when targeting larger varmints or those at longer distances.
Ballistics Comparison: 17 HMR vs 17 WSM
The most significant difference between the 17 HMR vs 17 WSM lies in their ballistics. Let’s examine the key performance metrics:
Velocity
The 17 WSM boasts significantly higher velocities than the 17 HMR. A typical 20-grain 17 HMR bullet has a muzzle velocity of around 2,375 feet per second (fps). In contrast, a 20-grain 17 WSM bullet can achieve muzzle velocities of approximately 3,000 fps. This difference in velocity translates to a flatter trajectory and greater energy downrange for the 17 WSM.
Energy
The higher velocity of the 17 WSM also results in greater energy on target. A 20-grain 17 HMR bullet typically delivers around 225 foot-pounds of energy at the muzzle. The 17 WSM, on the other hand, can deliver over 400 foot-pounds of energy with a similar bullet weight. This increased energy makes the 17 WSM more effective on larger varmints and at longer ranges.
Trajectory
The flatter trajectory of the 17 WSM is a direct result of its higher velocity. With a 100-yard zero, the 17 HMR will drop approximately 7-8 inches at 200 yards. The 17 WSM, however, will drop only about 4-5 inches at the same distance. This flatter trajectory makes it easier to hit targets at longer ranges with the 17 WSM.
Accuracy
Both the 17 HMR and 17 WSM are known for their accuracy. However, the 17 HMR generally has a slight edge in terms of inherent accuracy, partly due to the wider availability of match-grade ammunition. With either cartridge, accuracy is highly dependent on the rifle, ammunition quality, and shooter skill.
Practical Applications: 17 HMR vs 17 WSM
Understanding the practical applications of each cartridge is crucial in determining which one is best suited for your needs.
Varmint Hunting
Both the 17 HMR and 17 WSM are excellent choices for varmint hunting. The 17 HMR is ideal for smaller varmints like ground squirrels and prairie dogs at ranges out to 150 yards. The 17 WSM, with its higher velocity and energy, is better suited for larger varmints like coyotes and foxes, and for longer-range shots out to 200 yards or more. Consider the size of the varmints you’ll be hunting and the typical distances you’ll be shooting when making your decision.
Small Game Hunting
The 17 HMR can be used for small game hunting, such as rabbits and squirrels, but its high velocity can cause significant meat damage. The 17 WSM is generally considered too powerful for small game hunting, as it can cause excessive damage to the meat. If you plan to use a .17 caliber cartridge for small game hunting, the 17 HMR is the better option, but careful shot placement is essential.
Target Shooting
Both the 17 HMR and 17 WSM can be used for target shooting. The 17 HMR is a popular choice for target shooting due to its accuracy and relatively low cost. The 17 WSM can also be used for target shooting, but its higher cost may make it less appealing for high-volume shooting. [See also: Best Rimfire Scopes for Accurate Shooting]
Availability and Cost
The 17 HMR has been around for longer and is more widely available than the 17 WSM. This means that you’ll generally find a wider selection of rifles and ammunition chambered in 17 HMR. The 17 HMR ammunition is also typically less expensive than 17 WSM ammunition. This cost difference can be significant, especially if you plan to shoot frequently.
Recoil and Noise
Both the 17 HMR and 17 WSM have very low recoil, making them comfortable to shoot. However, the 17 WSM has slightly more recoil than the 17 HMR due to its higher velocity and greater energy. Both cartridges are also relatively quiet, but the 17 WSM is generally louder than the 17 HMR.
Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the 17 HMR vs 17 WSM depends on your specific needs and priorities. If you’re looking for a cartridge with a flat trajectory, good accuracy, and relatively low cost for varmint hunting at ranges out to 150 yards, the 17 HMR is an excellent choice. If you need more power and range for larger varmints or longer-range shots, the 17 WSM is the better option. Consider the following factors when making your decision:
- Target Size: Are you primarily hunting small or large varmints?
- Range: What are the typical distances you’ll be shooting?
- Cost: How important is the cost of ammunition?
- Recoil Sensitivity: Are you sensitive to recoil?
- Availability: Is the cartridge readily available in your area?
Final Thoughts
The 17 HMR and 17 WSM are both excellent rimfire cartridges with their own strengths and weaknesses. The 17 HMR offers a good balance of accuracy, velocity, and cost, making it a popular choice for varmint hunting and target shooting. The 17 WSM provides more power and range, making it better suited for larger varmints and longer-range shots. By carefully considering your needs and priorities, you can choose the cartridge that’s right for you. Ultimately, the best way to determine which cartridge you prefer is to try them both and see which one performs best in your hands. Both cartridges are accurate, but understanding the nuances of the 17 HMR vs 17 WSM will help you make an informed decision.
